INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct Speech

Direct speech adalah kalimat langsung yang dipakai untuk menyampaikan pernyataan dengan cara mengulangi kalimat si pembicarar apa adanya. Kutipan langsung selalu diapit oleh dua tanda kutip yang diawali dengan tanda koma.

Contoh : Anisa said, “I am happy”.

Indirect Speech

Indirect speech adalah kalimat yang tidak langsung diucapkan oleh pembicaranya.

Tiga Jenis Indirect Speech, yaitu:

1.         Kalimat Pernyataan / Berita

Direct                   : She says, “I study everyday”.

Indirect                : She says that she studies everyday.

Direct                   : Lio said, “I am working here now”.

Indirect                : Lio said that he was working there then.

Catatan :

ü  kedua bentuk mempunyai arti yang sama.

ü  Jika induk kalimatnya present, anak kalimatnya tidak ad perubahan tense, yang berubah hanya kata ganti (pronoun) dan kata keterangan (adverbial) (lihat contoh pertama)

ü  Jika induk kalimatnya past tense, anak kalimatnya ada perubahan tense, pronoun, adverbial. (lihat contoh kedua)

2.         Kalimat Perintah

Perintah Positif

Direct                   : Tasya said, “Open the door!”

Indirect                : Tasya asked me to open the door.

Perintah Negatif

Direct                   : Tasya said, “Don’t open the door!”

Indirect                : Tasya asked me not to open the door.

Catatan :

said pada indirect speech bisa menggunakan asked / told / advised / commanded / ordered.

Me maksudnya menunjukkan yang diperintah oleh Tasya (bisa her / him / Ali, etc)

3.         Kalimat Tanya

Tanpa Kata Tanya

Direct                   : Ali asked, “Do you know Anggun?”

Indirect                : Ali asked if / whether I knew Anggun.

Catatan : asked pada indirect speech bisa menggunakan asked / wondered / want to know / inquired.

Dengan Kata Tanya

Direct                   : Ali asked, “Who is Anggun?”

Indirect                : Ali asked who Anggun was. Atau

Ali wanted to know who Anggun was. atau Ali wanted to know (inquired) about Anggun.

Semua kata tanya dapat dipakai (who, whom, whose, what, which, why, where, when, how).

Perubahan Tenses

Direct                                          à                    Indirect

Simple present tense                               Simple past tense

Present continous tense                          Past continous tense

Present perfect tense                               Past perfect tense

Present perfect continous tense             Past perfect continous tense

Simple past tense                                     Simple perfect tense

Past continous tense                                 Past perfect continous tense

Simple future tense                                  Past future tense

Future continous tense                            Past future continous tense

Future perfect tense                                 Past future perfect tense

Future perfect continous tense               Past future perfect continous tense

Past future tense                                       Past perfect future tense

Past future continous tense                     Past perfect future continous tense

Perubahan Lainnya (Direct     à Indirect)                                       

Pronoun                                                

I                à She / He

We            à They

Possesive Pronoun

My            à Her / His

Our          à Their

Keterangan tempat

Here         à There

Demonstrative Adjective

This          à That

These        à Those

Keterangan Waktu (Adverb of time)

Now                                  à Then

Today                               à That day

Tomorrow                                    à The next day / The day after / The following day

Yesterday                         à The day before

... ago                               à ... before

The day before yesterday à two days before

Last                                   à The ... before

Next                                  à The ... after / The following ...  

Contoh :

Salah                    : They asked him if he will help us.

Benar                    : They asked him if he would help us.

Salah                    : When she told us that everything is ready, we went into the dining room   and seated ourselves.

Benar                    : When she told us that everything was ready, we went into the dining room   and seated ourselves.

Sumber : Bakir, R. Suyoto.2012.Buku Praktis Toefl.Tangerang :Karisma Publishing Group.